Q: Technical terms and explanations are what im looking for..
A: Power to weight ratio is the most important factor (NOT engine size!!!!) I have a 1.3 (rotary engine) that produces almost 450 bhp and because my car weighs 1200 kg it will beat most 6.0 litre (and much heavier) cars. When you start reaching high speeds then aerodynamics play a big part. this is all assuming that you mean in a straight line. If you want a car to corner faster than others the main factors are: weight (a lighter car is usually easier to manoeuvre and change direction) weight distribution (if the weight under the front wheels is the same as that under the back wheels then it is the perfect 50:50 distribution) grip generation, this is the combined workings of a good suspension set up coupled with sticky tyres and most importantly a smooth and competent driver. hope this helps....