What are the possible damage of a car battery put in a wrong way?

Q: I have a 1994 mitsubishi pajero (japan),I accidentally put the battery on a wrong way (reverse polarity), however, when I we series the battery the engine did turn on BUT, the power window and the aircondition unit did not turn on. What are the possible damages on the car?

A: I did that before in my Eclipse by mistake and because I was in a hurry. Started the car and of course it cranked for a second. Luckily I realized that before more damage was done. A day later, my battery indicator came on and off. A few weeks later, my car totally lost power. Turns out, my alternator was shot. I am not sure whether that was a direct effect of the mistake I did or just pure wear and tear from years of use. I guess what I'm trying to say is, it's hard to say what can get affected right away. Defects may appear a few uses later. The rest of the electronics were working fine after the incident.

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